What is it?
Pyometra is a condition characterised by inflammation of the uterus accompanied by the presence of pus.
It is commonly observed in intact female dogs over the age of five, although it can occur at a younger age as well.
There are various factors that can contribute to the development of pyometra, but the primary cause is hormonal changes that occur during the dog's heat cycle.
During each heat cycle, there is a natural decrease in white blood cells within the uterus, which allows for the passage of sperm but can reduce the ability to fight off infections.
Typically, dogs experience heat cycles twice a year.
In the wild, dogs would normally mate and either produce puppies, undergo abortion, or fail to conceive due to underlying conditions, lack of nutrition, environmental stress, and other factors.
When dogs go through heat cycles without being bred, their progesterone levels remain elevated for eight to ten weeks.
This causes the lining of the uterus to thicken in preparation for pregnancy. The cervix, which serves as the entrance to the uterus, remains tightly closed except during estrus when it can allow bacteria from the vagina to enter the uterus.
In a healthy uterus, the environment is not conducive to bacterial growth.
However, in some dogs, the continued thickening of the uterine lining during each heat cycle can lead to the formation of cysts that release large amounts of fluid.
Elevated progesterone levels inhibit the contraction of uterine wall muscles, preventing the natural expulsion of fluid and bacteria.
As a result, the unhealthy uterine cavity becomes filled with discharge, and the absence of circulating air and the dog's body temperature create an ideal environment for bacterial growth.
This bacterial growth can result in an infection of the uterus, leading to pyometra.
What are the signs to look for?
Early signs of pyometra can include:
Changes in behaviour such as increased distance or neediness, depression, irritability towards other dogs or people, increased thirst, lethargy, or loss of appetite.
Later stages of pyometra may present with:
Weakness, excessive panting, increased water consumption, loss of appetite, abdominal distention, vomiting, and fever (often ranging from 104 to 106 degrees Fahrenheit).
If your dog displays any of these symptoms following her heat cycle, it is crucial to seek immediate veterinary assistance. Early detection of these symptoms is essential for prompt intervention and treatment.
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